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\n\t\u5173\u952e\u8bcd\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66 \u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3 \u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f15  \u8a00\n<\/p>\n

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\n\t\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6d89\u53ca\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3001\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7\u7b49\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u4fbf\u4e8e\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5370\u8c61\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u8bb0\u4f4f\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a“\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u4ee5\u53ca\u516d\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7”\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5206\u522b\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u3001\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u662f\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u95e8\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u79d1\u90fd\u9700\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u51fa\u67d0\u79cd\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5c06\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7406\u8bba\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u8d77\u70b9\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u884c\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u975e\u5e38\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u5b83\u4f5c\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u95e8\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u8bc1\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u81ea\u5229\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5730\u4f5c\u51fa\u7406\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u5229\u5df1\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u548c\u56fd\u5bb6\u90fd\u4f1a\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u5730\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u5c42\u9762\u90fd\u57fa\u672c\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u5728\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ca\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u653f\u6cbb\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5fc5\u987b\u8003\u8651\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u5728\u8003\u8651\u548c\u5904\u7406\u56fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u6c11\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7ef4\u62a4\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u7ad9\u5728\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u4e0a\u8bf4\u8bdd\u548c\u884c\u4e8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6cc4\u9732\u56fd\u5bb6\u673a\u5bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u5224\u5211\uff1b\u5728\u5904\u7406\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e0e\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u672c\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u5458\u5de5\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u7ef4\u62a4\u672c\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u628a\u4f01\u4e1a\u673a\u5bc6\u6cc4\u9732\u7ed9\u7ade\u4e89\u5bf9\u624b\uff0c\u89c6\u540e\u679c\u7684\u4e25\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4f1a\u88ab\u5224\u5211\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u6216\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u5bf9\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u63d0\u51fa\u8d28\u7591\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u4eba\u662f\u7406\u6027\u81ea\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u90a3\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8981\u6709\u5bb6\u5ead\uff1f\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ece\u5bb6\u5ead\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u6765\u5206\u6790\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u7ad9\u5728\u672c\u5bb6\u5ead\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0a\u884c\u4e8b\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u4ece\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u90fd\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u540c\u7b49\u5c42\u6b21\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u6b64\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4f46\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5047\u8bbe\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bef\u533a\uff0c\u5c06\u5b83\u7b80\u5355\u72ed\u4e49\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u4e3a\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u8003\u8651\u54ea\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\u4e0a\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u9488\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7740\u91cd\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5229\u5df2\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u4e5f\u6709\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u4e0e\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u5728\u5929\u707e\u4eba\u7978\u7b49\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u662f\u975e\u7406\u6027\u3001\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5f53\u65e5\u672c\u5e1d\u56fd\u4e3b\u4e49\u4fb5\u7565\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u4e2d\u534e\u6c11\u65cf\u9762\u4e34\u4ea1\u56fd\u4ea1\u65cf\u5a01\u80c1\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u90fd\u7ad9\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u6297\u51fb\u65e5\u672c\u4fb5\u7565\uff0c\u629b\u5934\u9885\u3001\u6d12\u70ed\u8840\uff0c\u4e3a\u6c11\u65cf\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u60dc\u732e\u8eab\u3002\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u56fd\u54ea\u6709\u5bb6\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u65e0\u79c1\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u3002\u5f53\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b89\u5b9a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5229\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u77db\u76fe\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u6b64\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u548c\u5229\u4ed6\u6027\u90fd\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7684\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u52a8\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u4e8c\u91cd\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u91ce\u5c71\u7f8a\u88ab\u730e\u4eba\u8ffd\u5230\u60ac\u5d16\u8fb9\uff0c\u8001\u5c71\u7f8a\u81ea\u613f\u732e\u8eab\uff0c\u5148\u8df3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8ba9\u5e74\u8f7b\u5c71\u7f8a\u540e\u8df3\u4e0b\u53bb\uff0c\u8e0f\u7740\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u8eab\u5b50\u9003\u751f\u3002\u8fde\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u613f\u610f\u727a\u7272\uff0c\u4f55\u51b5\u4eba\uff1f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4eba\u4eec\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u89c4\u65f6\u671f\u5f80\u5f80\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u65f6\u671f\u53c8\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u5229\u5df1\u884c\u4e3a\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u8c03\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5229\u5df1\u6027\uff0c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u5f53\u7136\u8d8a\u5c11\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u90fd\u662f\u975e\u81ea\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7740\u60f3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e86\uff0c\u5de5\u4e1a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b66\u6216\u6295\u5165\u4ea7\u51fa\u5206\u6790\u4e5f\u8bb8\u5c31\u591f\u4e86\u3002\u6211\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8981\u8d70\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9053\u8def\uff0c\u4ece\u6839\u672c\u4e0a\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5883\u754c\u8fd8\u4e0d\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u5728\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d3b\u52a8\u65f6\u5f80\u5f80\u8003\u8651\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u77ed\u77ed\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5c31\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u4e3e\u4e16\u65e0\u53cc\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u627f\u8ba4\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u8fd9\u4e00\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b9e\u884c\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u5206\u4e0d\u5f00\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u3001\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u6307\u7684\u662f:(1)\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6;(2)\u4e0d\u80fd\u6cdb\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u62ff\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u662f\uff1a\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5927\u548c\u76f2\u76ee\u8fd0\u7528\uff0c\u6b64\u70b9\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u8bb8\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c06\u4e66\u672c\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7406\u8bba\u5b8c\u5168\u5957\u7528\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u53ca\u52aa\u529b\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u5411\u800c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u5728\u6211\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u754c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u5c31\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u53d1\u8868\u770b\u6cd5\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c06\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u76f2\u76ee\u5938\u5927\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u80cc\u540e\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62ff\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u8bd5\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u5176\u662f\u5426\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u793e\u4f1a\u8d23\u4efb\u611f\uff0c\u76f2\u76ee\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u4e0d\u582a\u8bbe\u60f3\u3002\u793e\u4f1a\u79d1\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u50cf\u6570\u5b66\u91cc\u9762\u7684\u6240\u6709\u5b9a\u7406\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u8ba8\u8bba\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\u662f\u5426\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5230\u6b64\u70b9\u662f\u8fa8\u522b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u662f\u5426\u8bad\u7ec3\u6709\u7d20\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u822c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u4e5f\u80fd\u8c08\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u5426\u666f\u6c14\u3001\u4f9b\u9700\u662f\u5426\u5e73\u8861\u3001\u5931\u4e1a\u3001\u80a1\u7968\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4efb\u4f55\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\u4e0d\u4ee5\u51c6\u786e\u6570\u636e\u4e3a\u4f9d\u636e\u548c\u4e25\u8c28\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u7684“\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66”\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d8\u91cf\u95f4\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u4ea6\u6709\u5176\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u3002\u5145\u5206\u7406\u89e3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u5426\u5219\uff0c\u5c31\u5206\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u5dee\u522b\u5728\u4ec0\u4e48\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u524d\u9762\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u4e24\u79cd\u6781\u7aef\u770b\u6cd5: \u6216\u4e0d\u987e\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5c06\u7406\u8bba\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6cdb\u7528\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u53bb\uff0c\u6216\u7b3c\u7edf\u5730\u4e00\u6982\u5426\u8ba4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u662f\uff1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u80fd\u62ff\u793e\u4f1a\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u9760\u5b83\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5e76\u7531\u6b64\u5f97\u51fa\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u8fd1\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\u5728\u56fd\u5916\u975e\u5e38\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u68c0\u9a8c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5426\u7406\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u5176\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u5f88\u96be\u62ff\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u5931\u4e1a\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u800c\u6ee5\u53d1\u949e\u7968\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4e4b\u5904\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u80fd\u591f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7136\u73b0\u8c61\u8fdb\u884c\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5ba4\u53ef\u4ee5\u68c0\u9a8c\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u5927\u81f4\u53ea\u6709\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4f46\u5929\u6587\u5b66\u4e0d\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u7cbe\u786e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u76d6\u697c\u3001\u4fee\u6865\u3001\u9020\u5bfc\u5f39\u3001\u6838\u6b66\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u4efb\u610f\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5176\u53c2\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\uff0c\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u662f\u53ef\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u3002\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u8bf4\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u7684\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5a92\u4f53\u548c\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u516c\u5f00\u6279\u8bc4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c“\u4f60\u4eec\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u9884\u6d4b\u6027\u600e\u4e48\u8fd9\u4e48\u5dee\uff1f”\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53ef\u7528\u4e24\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\uff1a\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4e3b\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ecf\u8fc7\u7cfb\u7edf\u548c\u4e25\u683c\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5728\u8ba8\u8bba\u548c\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u5f04\u4e0d\u6e05\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e0d\u51fa\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f00\u9519\u6cbb\u7406\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u836f\u65b9\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u65b9\u9762\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53d7\u8fc7\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8bad\u7ec3\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u76f4\u89c9\u548c\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u56e0\u7d20\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u5f97\u4e0d\u786e\u5207\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u9664\u4e86\u7275\u6d89\u5230\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u95ee\u9898\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u975e\u5e38\u9ad8\u660e\uff0c\u4f46\u8bb8\u591a\u5f71\u54cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u662f\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u5c31\u4f1a\u4f7f\u9884\u6d4b\u51fa\u73b0\u504f\u5dee\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5f88\u6709\u5a01\u671b\uff0c\u80fd\u7ba1\u597d\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u4f46\u65e0\u6cd5\u63a7\u5236\u4ed6\u56fd\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6709\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5224\u65ad\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u65e6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u53d1\u751f\u7a81\u53d8\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u7ecf\u6d4e\u9884\u6d4b\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u4e0d\u51c6\u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u5426\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u79d1\u5b66\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u662f\u4e00\u95e8\u5b9e\u5b9e\u5728\u5728\u7684\u5b66\u95ee\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u51e0\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u73b0\u5b9e\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u5728\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u5173\u4e8e\u5f53\u524d\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u7406\u8bba\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u9760\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u8bdd\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u5b9e\u8df5\u662f\u68c0\u9a8c\u771f\u7406\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u8df5\u548c\u6570\u636e\u4e0d\u662f\u9884\u6d4b\u771f\u7406\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e00\u822c\u4e0d\u80fd\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c,\u9760\u4ec0\u4e48\u6765\u5224\u65ad\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u8d70\u5411\u6216\u4f5c\u51fa\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u5462\uff1f\u9760\u7684\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u5f80\u5f80\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u7531\u4e8e\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5371\u673a\u7684\u5916\u90e8\u51b2\u51fb\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u8eab\u5468\u671f\u6027\u8c03\u6574\u4ee5\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7f3a\u4e4f\u524d\u77bb\u6027\u548c\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u51fa\u73b0\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u5f88\u5927\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u91c7\u7528\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u30022008\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\uff0c\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6570\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u76f8\u5f53\u597d\uff0c\u5916\u8d38\u51fa\u53e3\u589e\u901f\u4f9d\u7136\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7387\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f83\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fc7\u70ed\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u51b7\u5374\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f97\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u65e9\u57282007\u5e744\u6708\u4efd\u65f6\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5927\u6b21\u8d37\u4f9b\u5e94\u5546\u65b0\u4e16\u7eaa\u91d1\u878d\u516c\u53f8\uff08New Century Financial Corporation\uff09\u7533\u8bf7\u7834\u4ea7\u4fdd\u62a4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u51e0\u4e4e\u4e00\u591c\u95f4\u4ece\u9ad8\u5ea6\u6d41\u52a8\u53d8\u5f97\u6781\u7aef\u4e0d\u6d41\u52a8\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u9884\u5146\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6211\u56fd\u7684\u6570\u636e\u76f4\u52302008\u5e74\u4e0a\u534a\u5e74\u4f9d\u7136\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u597d\u5f97\u5f88\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u7684\u611f\u89c9\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fc7\u70ed\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u5df2\u7ecf\u663e\u793a\u51fa\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u70b9\u7279\u5f81\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u6d41\u52a8\u6027\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d8\u5f97\u5f88\u5dee\uff0c\u4e0d\u6015\u4e00\u4e07\u53ea\u6015\u4e07\u4e00\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8981\u505a\u6700\u574f\u7684\u6253\u7b97\u3002\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u662f\u98ce\u9669\u6216\u635f\u5931\u76ee\u6807\u51fd\u6570\u6781\u5c0f\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6536\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u4e16\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6076\u5316\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u4e16\u754c\u91d1\u878d\u5371\u673a\uff0c\u540e\u679c\u5c06\u975e\u5e38\u4e25\u91cd\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u7ecf\u5448\u73b0\u51fa\u8bb8\u591a\u8ff9\u8c61\u3002\uff082\uff09\u4eba\u6c11\u5e01\u5347\u503c\u8fbe20%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u65b0\u300a\u52b3\u52a8\u5408\u540c\u6cd5\u300b\u4e0d\u5408\u65f6\u5b9c\u7684\u51fa\u53f0\u53ca\u5176\u672c\u8eab\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8bb8\u591a\u4f01\u4e1a\u7279\u522b\u662f\u51fa\u53e3\u5bfc\u5411\u578b\u4f01\u4e1a\u7684\u52b3\u52a8\u529b\u6210\u672c\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u9760\u4f4e\u6210\u672c\u5360\u6709\u56fd\u5916\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u4ea7\u54c1\u5df2\u65e0\u4f18\u52bf\uff0c\u8ba2\u5355\u5f00\u59cb\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u51cf\u5c11\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u51fa\u53e3\u6570\u636e\u8fd8\u5f88\u597d\uff09\uff0c\u6cbf\u6d77\u5730\u533a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e5f\u5f00\u59cb\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u66f4\u5927\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u7c97\u653e\u5f0f\u7684\u589e\u957f\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u589e\u957f\u7387\u4e00\u65e6\u4f4e\u4e8e8%\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u51fa\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5e26\u6765\u5927\u91cf\u5931\u4e1a\u4eba\u53e3\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u4e0d\u7a33\u3002\uff083\uff09\u80a1\u5e02\u4e00\u518d\u4e0b\u632b\uff0c1.2\u4ebf\u80a1\u6c11\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e2d\u4ea7\u9636\u7ea7\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u4fdd\u8bc1\u548c\u6269\u5927\u5185\u9700\u7279\u522b\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u9700\u6c42\u4e3b\u8981\u9760\u4ed6\u4eec\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u80a1\u5e02\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u8d44\u4ea7\u8d2c\u503c\u4e86\u8fd150%\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8840\u672c\u65e0\u4e8f\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\u9020\u6210\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u6d88\u8d39\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u523a\u6fc0\u56fd\u6c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u7279\u5f81\u7684\u523b\u753b\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u5c31\u662f\u672c\u6587\u540e\u9762\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u5373\u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5728\u5236\u5b9a\u5b8f\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u6210\u56e0\u754c\u5b9a\u5f97\u6bd4\u8f83\u51c6\u786e\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u4e24\u96be\u56f0\u5883\u9700\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u548c\u6709\u6240\u4fa7\u91cd\u3002\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u4f46\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\u66f4\u9ebb\u70e6\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u65e2\u8981\u6cbb\u7406\u901a\u8d27\u81a8\u80c0\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u9632\u6b62\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u4e0b\u6ed1\u3002\u8fd9\u597d\u50cf\u4e2d\u533b\u6cbb\u75c5\u6bd4\u897f\u533b\u597d\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4ece\u5b8f\u89c2\u548c\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u8fdb\u884c\u8fa9\u8bc1\u800c\u53c8\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u7efc\u5408\u6cbb\u7406\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u8981\u8b66\u60d5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u76f4\u52302008\u5e748\u6708\u4efd\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u6709\u5173\u90e8\u95e8\u4ecd\u7136\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u8fc7\u70ed\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u51fa\u73b0\u4e862008\u5e74\u4e0b\u534a\u5e74\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5927\u5e45\u5ea6\u7684\u4e0b\u6ed1\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u6ca1\u6709\u5f97\u5230\u5408\u7406\u8fd0\u7528\u548c\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5f62\u52bf\u548c\u5916\u754c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4e0d\u53ef\u63a7\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u5b9a\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u9884\u6d4b\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u4e9b\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5374\u53d1\u751f\u4e86\u8bef\u5224\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7efc\u4e0a\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u80fd\u62ff\u793e\u4f1a\u505a\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5355\u9760\u6570\u636e\u8bf4\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u771f\u6b63\u9760\u7684\u662f\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u533b\u751f\u7ed9\u75c5\u4eba\u770b\u75c5\uff08\u6216\u4fee\u6c7d\u8f66\uff09\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6700\u96be\u7684\u662f\u627e\u51fa\u75c5\u56e0\uff08\u6216\u6545\u969c\uff09\uff0c\u533b\u751f\u533b\u672f\u9ad8\u4f4e\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u533a\u522b\u5c31\u5728\u4e8e\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u627e\u5230\u75c5\u56e0\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u628a\u75c5\u56e0\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u5f00\u836f\u65b9\u5c31\u5bb9\u6613\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u4ed6\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5341\u8db3\u7684\u5eb8\u533b\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u836f\u65b9\u5c31\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u5c06\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u8bca\u65ad\u660e\u767d\uff0c\u60c5\u51b5\u8c03\u67e5\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5b9a\u4f4d\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u505a\u8d77\u4e8b\u6765\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e8b\u534a\u529f\u500d\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e09\u3001\u4e09\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e09\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u6cd5\u89c4\u6cbb\u7406\uff08governance\uff09\uff0c\uff082\uff09\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236(incentive mechanism)\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303(social norms)\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u8bf4\u7684“\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406\u3001\u5f85\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5229\u548c\u52a8\u4e4b\u4ee5\u60c5”\uff0c\u5206\u522b\u7531\u653f\u5e9c\u3001\u5e02\u573a\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u548c\u5b9e\u65bd\u3002\u8981\u505a\u597d\u6216\u534f\u8c03\u597d\u6d89\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7684\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u505a\u884c\u653f\u3001\u641e\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u6216\u89e3\u51b3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u90fd\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8fd9\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6cd5\u89c4\u6cbb\u7406\u662f\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u662f\u957f\u6548\u673a\u5236\u3002“\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406”\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u8fd0\u7528\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u7b49\u786c\u6027\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u8ba8\u4ef7\u8fd8\u4ef7\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u79cd\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u89c6\u4e3a“\u5927\u68d2”\u3002\u662f\u5426\u5236\u5b9a\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5219\u548c\u89c4\u5236\u57fa\u672c\u6807\u51c6\u5c31\u770b\u662f\u5426\u5bb9\u6613\u754c\u5b9a\u6216\u5224\u65ad\u6e05\u695a\uff08\u4fe1\u606f\u900f\u660e\u548c\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e0e\u5426\uff09\uff0c\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u53ca\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6267\u6cd5\u6210\u672c\u662f\u5426\u592a\u5927\u3002\u4ea7\u6743\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u3001\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u3001\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u76d1\u7ba1\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u76d1\u7763\u6267\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7b2c\u4e09\u8005\u4fbf\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ef4\u6301\u5e02\u573a\u79e9\u5e8f,\u5f15\u5165\u653f\u5e9c\u662f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\uff0c\u65e2\u5f53\u88c1\u5224\u5458\u53c8\u5f53\u8fd0\u52a8\u5458\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u8981\u6c42\u5bf9\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5e94\u6709\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u548c\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b9c\u7ec6\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7c97\uff0c\u8d8a\u660e\u786e\u8d8a\u597d\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u548c\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u89c4\u5236\u5219\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u5b9c\u7c97\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7ec6\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bef\u533a\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u4e00\u8c08\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u662f\u6cd5\u6cbb\u7ecf\u6d4e\uff0c\u5c31\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6765\u89c4\u8303\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u5f97\u5f88\u8be6\u7ec6\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5728\u7ba1\u5236\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ba1\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u5373\u53ef\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5b9a\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7ea6\u675f\u5e02\u573a\u4e3b\u4f53\u5177\u4f53\u600e\u4e48\u505a\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002 \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5982\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u662f\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u9002\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e00\u5757\u3002“\u5f85\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5229”\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u5229\u76ca\u6302\u94a9\u6765\u534f\u8c03\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u53ef\u89c6\u4e3a“\u80e1\u841d\u535c”\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7279\u522b\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u4e00\u5757\u3002\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u6027\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u5355\u4f4d\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u3001\u4e2a\u4eba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u5229\u5df1\u6027\uff1a\u8ffd\u6c42\u672c\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u672c\u96c6\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u672c\u5bb6\u5ead\u5229\u76ca\u3001\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5728\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u4e3a\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u6709\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u53bb\u9075\u5b88\u67d0\u79cd\u89c4\u5236\u548c\u79e9\u5e8f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fbe\u5230\u4ed6\u4eba\u6216\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u5f53\u4fe1\u606f\u53c8\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u65f6\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u987b\u5236\u5b9a\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e3a\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0a\u4e3a\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u8fd9\u5305\u62ec\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u3001\u5956\u60e9\u5236\u5ea6\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u6536\u5165\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u52aa\u529b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u6302\u94a9\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e14\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u8fd0\u884c\u89c4\u5219\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u6765\u8c03\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u5f53\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u53d1\u5bb6\u81f4\u5bcc\u4e86\uff0c\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f3a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6c34\u5e73\u5c31\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u3002\u58f0\u8a89\u548c\u8bda\u4fe1\u5728\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u5236\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u3002\u505a\u751f\u610f\u8981\u90fd\u9760\u8bda\u4fe1\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u8bf4\u8fd9\u6837\u4f01\u4e1a\u4e3b\u672c\u8eab\u5f88\u613f\u610f\u8bb2\u8bda\u4fe1\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u8bb2\u8bda\u4fe1\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8bda\u4fe1\u80fd\u8282\u7701\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u964d\u4f4e\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65e2\u4e0d\u9700\u5f3a\u5236\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u65e0\u6b32\u65e0\u7eb2\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6700\u8282\u7701\u5236\u5ea6\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002“\u52a8\u4e4b\u4ee5\u60c5”\u5c31\u662f\u60c5\u611f\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u6587\u5316\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u65f6\u901a\u8fc7\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u53cb\u60c5\u3001\u611f\u60c5\u4f1a\u89e3\u51b3\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u65e2\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u89c4\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5229\u8bf1\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u65f6\u95f4\u66f4\u957f\uff0c\u662f\u65e0\u9700\u524d\u4e24\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u7279\u522b\u5f53\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u4f1a\u5927\u5927\u5730\u51cf\u5c11\u529e\u4e8b\u7684\u96be\u5ea6\uff0c\u6781\u5927\u5730\u63d0\u9ad8\u5de5\u4f5c\u6548\u7387\u3002\u5f53\u7406\u5ff5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u65f6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u91c7\u7528“\u5927\u68d2\u5f0f”\u7684\u5f3a\u8feb\u547d\u4ee4\u8fd9\u4e00\u521a\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c“\u80e1\u841d\u535c”\u5f0f\u7684\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u6216\u53cb\u60c5\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u9047\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u548c\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53c8\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u65b0\u518d\u6765\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u5b9e\u65bd\u6210\u672c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u957f\u671f\u575a\u6301\u6309\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u7684\u6cd5\u89c4\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6162\u6162\u5c31\u4f1a\u5f62\u6210\u8fd9\u79cd\u65e2\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5f3a\u5236\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u52b1\u3001\u65e0\u6b32\u65e0\u7eb2\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u6c11\u98ce\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u3001\u610f\u8bc6\u5f62\u6001\u3001\u7406\u5ff5\u3001\u6027\u683c\u7b49\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8303\u7574\u3002\u65e0\u6b32\u65e0\u7eb2\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4f5c\u7528\u6781\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5236\u5ea6\u6210\u672c\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5f88\u591a\u9769\u547d\u8005\u4e3a\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u727a\u7272\u751f\u547d\u4e5f\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u60dc\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u5f3a\u8feb\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u793e\u4f1a\u89c4\u8303\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\u53ef\u4ee5\u8d77\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4f46\u5fc5\u987b\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u987e\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u65e0\u9650\u6269\u5927\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6216\u6269\u5927\u5230\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u6c34\u5e73\u6574\u4f53\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ea\u9760\u5b83\u4eec\u6765\u7ef4\u6301\u5927\u91cf\u590d\u6742\u7684\u4ea4\u6613\u662f\u8fdc\u8fdc\u4e0d\u591f\u7684\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bf9\u4e8e\u90a3\u4e9b\u975e\u5e38\u770b\u91cd\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u603b\u662f\u5927\u4e8e\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u662f\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u7528\u5f3a\u5236\u6027\u548c\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u6027\u63aa\u65bd\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u57fa\u672c\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u7efc\u5408\u5e94\u7528\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u56e0\u4eba\u3001\u56e0\u4e8b\u3001\u56e0\u5730\u3001\u56e0\u65f6\u800c\u5f02\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u3002\u91c7\u7528\u4f55\u79cd\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u89c4\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u76d1\u7763\u548c\u6267\u6cd5\u7b49\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c\u7684\u591a\u5c11\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e09\u79cd\u5236\u5ea6\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c“\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406”\u4e3b\u8981\u770b\u4fe1\u606f\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5bb9\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u76d1\u7763\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5236\u5b9a\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u76d1\u7763\u3001\u6267\u884c\u6210\u672c\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u53bb\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u56db\u3001\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u6307\u7684\u662f\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3001\uff082\uff09\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3001\uff083\uff09\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\u3001\uff084\uff09\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79bb\u4e0d\u5f00\u8fd9\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\u8bf4\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u4f46\u771f\u6b63\u80fd\u9886\u4f1a\u8d2f\u901a\uff0c\u5f97\u5fc3\u5e94\u624b\u5730\u5e94\u7528\u5230\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u5374\u4e0d\u592a\u5bb9\u6613\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u3002\u8ba9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u4e0d\u5371\u5bb3\u4ed6\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u9009\u62e9\u6743\u5229\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u5e76\u4e14\u4e86\u89e3\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u6210\u672c\u53c8\u6bd4\u8f83\u5927\uff0c\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406\u7684“\u5927\u68d2”\u5f0f\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5b9c\u7c97\u4e0d\u5b9c\u7ec6\uff0c\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u653f\u7b56\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u4ece\u800c\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u901a\u8fc7\u5efa\u7acb\u5728\u81ea\u613f\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7528\u5e02\u573a\u7b49\u8bf1\u5bfc\u6027\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u6765\u8c03\u52a8\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\u56e0\u800c\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\uff08\u5373“\u677e\u7ed1”\uff09\u5728\u5206\u6563\u5316\u51b3\u7b56\uff08\u5373“\u653e\u6743”\uff09\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u4e2d\u8d77\u7740\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u6b63\u5e38\u8fd0\u884c\u7684\u5148\u51b3\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u4fdd\u8bc1\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u5236\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u6700\u4f18\u914d\u7f6e\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u9ad8\u7ea7\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u5b9a\u7406\uff08Economic Core Theorem\uff09\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff1a\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u5145\u5206\u591a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5bb9\u8bb8\u6216\u80fd\u591f\u81ea\u7531\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u81ea\u613f\u5408\u4f5c\u548c\u4ea4\u6362\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u4e8b\u5148\u8003\u8651\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u4eec\u81ea\u5229\u884c\u4e3a\u9a71\u52a8\u4e0b\uff0c\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\u7684\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u53c2\u89c1Tian (2008)\u3001Mas-Colell, Whinston,\u548c Green \uff081995\uff09\uff0c Varian (1982)\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u5b9a\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u6982\u62ec\u4e3a\uff1a\u5728\u7406\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u5373\u5728\u601d\u60f3\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7ed9\u4eba\u4eec\u4e24\u6837\u4e1c\u897f——\u81ea\u7531\u548c\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8003\u8651\u4efb\u4f55\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6838\u5c31\u662f\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u5747\u8861\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e2d\u56fd\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e09\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e\u4ece\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u8bc1\u660e\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5b9a\u7406\u3002\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e3e\u4e16\u77a9\u76ee\u6210\u5c31\u7684\u6210\u529f\u7ecf\u9a8c\uff0c\u5343\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e07\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7ed9\u8001\u767e\u59d3\u66f4\u591a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4e0a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u4ece\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u519c\u6751\u6539\u9769\u5230\u540e\u6765\u7684\u57ce\u5e02\u6539\u9769\u5b9e\u8df5\u90fd\u5df2\u8868\u660e\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e00\u677e\u52a8\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u5ea6\u66f4\u5927\u4e00\u4e9b\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u7ed9\u751f\u4ea7\u8005\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u5c31\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u505a\u4e8b\u3002\u5728\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u505a\u4e8b\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u505a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5ba2\u89c2\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u548c\u5355\u4f4d\u90fd\u5728\u65e2\u5b9a\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u7531\u5ba2\u89c2\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u504f\u597d\u6240\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f53\u73b0\u5c31\u662f\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u9884\u7b97\u7ea6\u675f\u7ebf\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u539f\u7406\u544a\u8bc9\u4eba\u4eec\u505a\u4e8b\u4e0d\u8981\u597d\u9ad8\u9a9b\u8fdc\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u5b9e\u9645\uff0c\u8981\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6210\u529f\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e43\u81f3\u4e00\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u662f\u9762\u4e34\u7740\u5404\u79cd\u9650\u5236\u548c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6587\u5316\u3001\u73af\u5883\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u628a\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e8b\u60c5\u5f88\u96be\u505a\u6210\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e2d\u56fd\u539f\u6709\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8fdb\u884c\u6539\u9769\u624d\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f15\u8fdb\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5fc5\u987b\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3001\u53ef\u5b9e\u65bd\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u5e0c\u671b\u5b9e\u65bd\u5b83\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u8f83\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u81f4\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u653f\u6cbb\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7684\u5927\u52a8\u8361\u3002\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u597d\u4e8b\u60c5\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u8003\u8651\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u5b9e\u65bd\u6027\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u662f\u5224\u65ad\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u5426\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53d1\u5c55\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4f53\u5236\u5e73\u7a33\u8f6c\u578b\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u5fc5\u8981\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u5728\u4e00\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u8f6c\u578b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5177\u6709\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b26\u5408\u4e86\u8be5\u56fd\u7279\u5b9a\u53d1\u5c55\u9636\u6bb5\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u5230\u4e2d\u56fd\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6539\u9769\u5fc5\u987b\u9002\u5e94\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u7a33\u5b9a\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u91cd\u65b0\u5d1b\u8d77\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5f88\u5927\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0a\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u5145\u5206\u8003\u8651\u5230\u4e86\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u601d\u60f3\u5883\u754c\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u548c\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u7b49\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u57fa\u4e8e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8fd9\u4e9b\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u6539\u9769\u7684\u987a\u5229\u63a8\u884c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u6ee1\u8db3\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u610f\u5473\u7740\u6539\u9769\u7684\u63aa\u65bd\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u62e5\u62a4\uff0c\u7b26\u5408\u8001\u767e\u59d3\uff08\u4e43\u81f3\u5305\u62ec\u90e8\u5206\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\uff09\u7684\u6839\u672c\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4f7f\u4e4b\u4ed6\u4eec\u652f\u6301\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u5230\u6539\u9769\u5f53\u4e2d\u53bb\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u80fd\u591f\u5728\u6539\u9769\u4e2d\u6216\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e2d\u83b7\u5229\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e0d\u53d7\u635f\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4f1a\u53cd\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u6216\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u63a5\u53d7\u67d0\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4f1a\u5728\u63a5\u53d7\u4e0e\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u4e4b\u95f4\u505a\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5f53\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u4e0d\u5c0f\u4e8e\u5176\u4fdd\u7559\u6536\u76ca\uff08\u4e0d\u63a5\u53d7\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4f53\u624d\u613f\u610f\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e00\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u8fdb\u884c\u751f\u4ea7\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u3001\u5206\u914d\u548c\u6d88\u8d39\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u5f03\u3001\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u613f\u63a5\u53d7\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u63a8\u884c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5931\u53bb\u653f\u6cbb\u57fa\u7840\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u901a\u8fc7\u6b63\u5f0f\u6216\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u624b\u6bb5\u98a0\u8986\u8be5\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u5f3a\u5236\u6539\u9769\u53cd\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u4e0d\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7a33\u5b9a\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u5173\uff0c\u662f\u53d1\u5c55\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5224\u65ad\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u53c2\u4e0e\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u8c08\u4e0d\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u5236\u5ea6\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\u9996\u5148\u8981\u89e3\u51b3\u7a33\u5b9a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u8ba9\u6240\u6709\u4e2a\u4f53\u613f\u610f\u53c2\u4e0e\u65b0\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u9700\u8981\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5149\u6709\u7a33\u5b9a\u800c\u4e0d\u80fd\u6fc0\u52b1\u5927\u5bb6\u53bb\u505a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u6548\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u4e5f\u5c31\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u6837\u5236\u5ea6\u4e5f\u8bb8\u80fd\u591f\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e00\u65f6\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ece\u957f\u8fdc\u52a8\u6001\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u968f\u7740\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u589e\u957f\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u8870\u7aed\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5916\u90e8\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u52a0\u5267\uff0c\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f88\u96be\u88ab\u957f\u671f\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u8fd9\u4f1a\u4f7f\u5f97\u53c2\u4e0e\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u6ee1\u8db3\u53d8\u5f97\u96be\u4ee5\u6ee1\u8db3\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u53d1\u5c55\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u957f\u4e45\u7684\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e2a\u610f\u4e49\u4e0a\u770b\uff0c\u9093\u5c0f\u5e73\u7684“\u53d1\u5c55\u662f\u786c\u9053\u7406”\u548c“\u538b\u5012\u4e00\u5207\u7684\u662f\u7a33\u5b9a”\u8fd9\u4e24\u53e5\u8bdd\u5177\u6709\u975e\u5e38\u6df1\u523b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u523b\u753b\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u4e0e\u53d1\u5c55\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5173\u7cfb\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u4e09\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u505a\u4e8b\u65f6\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8ba9\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u4fe1\u606f\u5b8c\u5168\u638c\u63e1\u548c\u4e86\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5176\u7ed3\u679c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u6700\u4f18\u3002\u5373\u4fe1\u606f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u8bb2\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u4fe1\u606f\u5b8c\u5168\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u624d\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u6700\u4f18\uff08“the best is first best”\uff09\uff1b\u5728\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u80fd\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4fe1\u606f\u9700\u8981\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u901a\u8fc7\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6b21\u4f18\u7ed3\u679c\uff08“the best is second best”\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5e02\u573a\u4f1a\u5931\u7075\uff0c\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u59d4\u6258\u4ee3\u7406\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u7ba1\u91c7\u53d6\u54ea\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u6b21\u4f18\uff0c\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u5408\u7406\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u6fc0\u52b1\u626d\u66f2\uff0c\u8981\u8bf1\u5bfc\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u5fc5\u987b\u8981\u4ed8\u51fa\u6210\u672c\u548c\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e0d\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6700\u4f18\uff08first best\uff09\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u300a\u5b59\u5b50\u5175\u6cd5\u300b\u4e2d\u6240\u8bf4\uff0c“\u77e5\u5f7c\u77e5\u5df1\uff0c\u767e\u6218\u4e0d\u6b86\uff1b\u4e0d\u77e5\u5f7c\u800c\u77e5\u5df1\uff0c\u4e00\u80dc\u4e00\u8d1f\uff1b\u4e0d\u77e5\u5f7c\u4e0d\u77e5\u5df1\uff0c\u6bcf\u6218\u5fc5\u6b86”\u3002\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\u7279\u522b\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u8bef\u4f1a\u8bef\u89e3\u90fd\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u4eba\u6c9f\u901a\uff0c\u8ba9\u522b\u4eba\u4e86\u89e3\u4f60\uff08\u53d1\u9001\u4fe1\u606f\uff0csignaling\uff09\uff0c\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u522b\u4eba\uff08screening\uff09\uff0c\u505a\u5230\u4fe1\u606f\u5bf9\u79f0\uff0c\u6d88\u9664\u8bef\u89e3\u8bef\u4f1a\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u6210\u7406\u5ff5\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u505a\u597d\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u524d\u63d0\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5236\u5b9a\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u6216\u8bbe\u8ba1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u8981\u505a\u5230\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u8ffd\u6c42\u81ea\u8eab\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u7ed9\u5b9a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u4f1a\u505a\u51fa\u81ea\u5df1\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8be5\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u6ee1\u8db3\u6240\u8bbe\u5b9a\u6216\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u800c\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u6027\u4f7f\u5f97\u793e\u4f1a\u6700\u4f18\u5f88\u96be\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u65b9\u5f0f\u6765\u6267\u884c\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u8981\u6267\u884c\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u4e00\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u4e2a\u4f53\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u8fd9\u4e2a\u76ee\u6807\u76f8\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5373\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u80fd\u591f\u5f15\u5bfc\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u4e2a\u4f53\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\uff0c\u4e89\u53d6\u505a\u5230\u4f7f\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u4e8e\u56fd\u3001\u4e8e\u6c11\u3001\u4e8e\u5df1\u3001\u4e8e\u516c\u3001\u4e8e\u79c1\u90fd\u6709\u5229\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u6fc0\u52b1\u95ee\u9898\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u793e\u4f1a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5355\u4f4d\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u505a\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u90fd\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4ee3\u4ef7(\u6536\u76ca\u4e0e\u6210\u672c)\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u4e0d\u76f8\u7b49\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u4e2a\u4eba\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4, \u600e\u6837\u5c06\u81ea\u5229\u3001\u4e92\u5229\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u5229\u76ca\u6709\u673a\u5730\u7ed3\u5408\u8d77\u6765\u5462? \u90a3\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u80fd\u6781\u5927\u5730\u8c03\u52a8\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\u548c\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6240\u8c13\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u548c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u4e92\u5229\u7edf\u4e00\u8d77\u6765\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u7684\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u5236\u5ea6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u8005\u6240\u60f3\u8981\u8fbe\u5230\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ece\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u4e2d\u83b7\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u4e0e\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u4ef7\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4ee3\u4ef7\u7684\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u5c06\u4f1a\u5bf9\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u4f5c\u51fa\u5408\u7406\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u53cd\u5e94\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5c31\u662f\u8981\u770b\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u7ed9\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u4ee5\u6fc0\u52b1\uff0c\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4eec\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e3a\u793e\u4f1a\u800c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0d\u6ee1\u8db3\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u5219\u662f\u597d\u4eba\u3001\u80fd\u4eba\u3001\u52e4\u4eba\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u597d\u62a5\uff0c\u574f\u4eba\u3001\u5eb8\u4eba\u3001\u61d2\u4eba\u53cd\u800c\u5f97\u5230\u5956\u8d4f\u3002\u5728\u5386\u53f2\u4e0a\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u653f\u7b56\u4e0d\u7b26\u5408\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u56fd\u5148\u524d\u7684\u5927\u9505\u996d\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u52aa\u529b\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6837\u7684\u5f85\u9047\uff0c\u90a3\u8c01\u8fd8\u613f\u610f\u505a\u4e8b\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u5229\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u9884\u60f3\u7684\u6fc0\u52b1\u6548\u679c\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u626d\u66f2\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e94\u3001\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5199\u4e00\u7bc7\u89c4\u8303\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u67d0\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u8981\u9610\u660e\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u6587\u732e\u56de\u987e\uff0c\u8ba9\u8bfb\u8005\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6982\u51b5\u548c\u8fdb\u5c55\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e5f\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u6587\u7ae0\u5728\u6280\u672f\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e0a\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u7136\u540e\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u8ba8\u8bba\u5982\u4f55\u89e3\u51b3\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u5f97\u51fa\u6709\u5173\u7ed3\u8bba\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u7b14\u8005\u7684\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\u4e00\u6587\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u89c4\u8303\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u7531\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u7ec4\u6210\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u754c\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3001\uff082\uff09\u8bbe\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\uff083\uff09\u7ed9\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3001\uff084\uff09\u9009\u62e9\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u3001\uff085\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u91cc\u505a\u4e00\u7b80\u5355\u4ecb\u7ecd\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t(1)\u754c\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u9996\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u662f\u5bf9\u6240\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u6240\u5904\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u51fa\u754c\u5b9a\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u901a\u5e38\u7531\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u4ee5\u53ca\u4fe1\u606f\u7ed3\u6784\u7b49\u7ec4\u6210,\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u5916\u751f\u53d8\u91cf\uff0c\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u4e0d\u80fd\u6539\u53d8\uff0c\u4f46\u957f\u671f\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u6f14\u53d8\u3002\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u8fd9\u4e00\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u4f53\u73b0\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u600e\u6837\u754c\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u5206\u4e3a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5c42\u6b21\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u5ba2\u89c2\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u903c\u771f\uff1b\u4e8c\u8981\u7cbe\u70bc\u523b\u753b\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u73af\u5883\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u88ab\u4e00\u4e9b\u65c1\u679d\u672b\u53f6\u5f04\u7cca\u6d82\u3002\u5373\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u8981\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u7684\u6293\u4f4f\u4e3b\u8981\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u662f\u79d1\u5b66\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u662f\u827a\u672f\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u63cf\u8ff0\u5f97\u8d8a\u6e05\u695a\u3001\u51c6\u786e\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u5c31\u4f1a\u8d8a\u6b63\u786e\uff1b\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u523b\u753b\u5f97\u8d8a\u7cbe\u70bc\u548c\u6df1\u523b\uff0c\u8bba\u8bc1\u8d77\u6765\u5c31\u8d8a\u7b80\u5355\uff0c\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u8bba\u4e5f\u8d8a\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u754c\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u9700\u8981\u6839\u636e\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u6765\u786e\u5b9a\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u65e2\u6e05\u695a\u51c6\u786e\u5730\u4e86\u63cf\u8ff0\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u53c8\u80fd\u7cbe\u70bc\u6df1\u523b\u5730\u523b\u753b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6293\u4f4f\u6240\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u5206\u7537\u5973\u8001\u5c11\uff0c\u8d2b\u5bcc\u8d35\u8d31\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u523b\u753b\u4e3a\u7531\u504f\u597d\u5173\u7cfb\u3001\u6d88\u8d39\u7a7a\u95f4\u3001\u521d\u59cb\u7980\u8d4b\u6240\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u6ca1\u6709\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7528\u51e0\u4e2a\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\u6765\u7b80\u5355\u5730\u6982\u62ec\u590d\u6742\u7684\u73b0\u72b6\uff0c\u5bf9\u6b64\u5f88\u4e0d\u7406\u89e3\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e24\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u53d8\u91cf\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u65f6\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u7406\u8bba\u7814\u7a76\u8fd8\u662f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u628a\u5176\u4f59\u5f71\u54cd\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u505a\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff08\u5373\u4f7f\u65e0\u5173\uff09\u90fd\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u5728\u5f88\u591a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6ca1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4eba\u6293\u4e0d\u4f4f\u91cd\u70b9\u3002\u62ff\u5730\u56fe\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u603b\u662f\u6839\u636e\u76ee\u7684\u548c\u610f\u56fe\u6765\u9009\u62e9\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u65c5\u6e38\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u56fe\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u5f00\u8f66\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4ea4\u901a\u5730\u56fe\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u6253\u4ed7\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u519b\u4e8b\u5730\u56fe\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5730\u56fe\u90fd\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u5168\u8c8c\u3002\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u9700\u8981\u65c5\u6e38\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u5730\u56fe\u3001\u519b\u4e8b\u5730\u56fe\u5462\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u76ee\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5c06\u6574\u4e2a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u5f53\u4f5c\u5730\u56fe\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u8fd9\u5b8c\u5168\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5730\u56fe\u53c8\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u7528\u5462\uff1f\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u7528\u8fd9\u79cd\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u8fdb\u884c\u7b80\u7ec3\u523b\u753b\uff0c\u6765\u63cf\u8ff0\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u8fdb\u884c\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f97\u51fa\u903b\u8f91\u7ed3\u8bba\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u660e\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u5c31\u770b\u4ed6\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u51c6\u786e\u628a\u63e1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u72b6\u4e2d\u6700\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u7279\u5f81\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u771f\u6b63\u628a\u6210\u56e0\u548c\u73b0\u72b6\u641e\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5bf9\u75c7\u4e0b\u836f\uff0c\u5176\u5bf9\u7b56\u548c\u836f\u65b9\uff08\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\uff09\u5c31\u4f1a\u4fe1\u624b\u62c8\u6765\uff0c\u5f53\u7136\u8fd9\u9700\u8981\u6709\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u8bad\u7ec3\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t(2)\u8bbe\u5b9a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u51fa\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u8ba8\u8bba\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6b65\u9aa4,\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u4e0e\u4eba\u65e5\u5e38\u4ea4\u5f80\u548c\u5904\u4e8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6240\u91c7\u53d6\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u4e0e\u4e00\u4e2a\u521a\u8ba4\u8bc6\u7684\u4eba\u63a5\u89e6\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5f80\u5f80\u4f1a\u5bf9\u5176\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u521d\u6b65\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u662f\u5fe0\u539a\u8001\u5b9e\u8fd8\u662f\u8001\u5978\u5de8\u733e\uff0c\u662f\u6bd4\u8f83\u65e0\u79c1\u8fd8\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u81ea\u79c1\u3002\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\uff0c\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u6548\u7528\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u751f\u4ea7\u7406\u8bba\u5bf9\u5382\u5546\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u8bf4\u670d\u529b\u548c\u5b9e\u7528\u4ef7\u503c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u653f\u7b56\u80fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u8ba9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6301\u7eed\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5173\u952e\u770b\u6240\u5047\u5b9a\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u5b9e\u5730\u53cd\u6620\u4e86\u5927\u591a\u6570\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u5982\u524d\u9762\u6240\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u5728\u5e38\u89c4\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u6bd4\u8f83\u5408\u7406\u548c\u73b0\u5b9e\u800c\u53c8\u901a\u5e38\u88ab\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u4eba\u7c7b\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u662f\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u5f3a\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u7406\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u5373\u4eba\u662f\u8ffd\u6c42\u4e2a\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u6700\u5927\u5316\u7684\u3002\u6709\u9650\u7406\u6027\u662f\u6839\u636e\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4f5c\u51fa\u6700\u4f18\u7684\u9009\u62e9\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u6837\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7406\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u7684\u8303\u7574\u3002\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6240\u9762\u4e34\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5229\u4ed6\u7684“\u96f7\u950b”\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u91c7\u53d6\u521a\u6027\u7684“\u6653\u4e4b\u4ee5\u7406”\u6216\u67d4\u6027\u7684“\u5f85\u4e4b\u4ee5\u5229”\u90fd\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4ed6\u65e0\u6b32\u65e0\u7eb2\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u78b0\u5230\u4e00\u4e2a\u8a00\u884c\u5f88\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u4f1a\u7ed9\u56fd\u5bb6\u3001\u4f01\u4e1a\u548c\u4e2a\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u5927\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u80fd\u8ba9\u4eba\u94bb\u7a7a\u5b50\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u51cf\u5c11\u5230\u6700\u5c0f\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u975e\u5e38\u5f3a\u8c03\u5927\u516c\u65e0\u79c1\u7684“\u6587\u5316\u5927\u9769\u547d”\u65f6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u5c06\u56fd\u5bb6\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u3001\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5236\u5ea6\u53d6\u6d88\u7684\u6839\u672c\u539f\u56e0\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u8003\u8651\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\u4e0d\u4f46\u8981\u8003\u8651\u53ef\u884c\u6027\uff0c\u8fd8\u8981\u8003\u8651\u98ce\u9669\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u91c7\u7528\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5b83\u5408\u4e4e\u5ba2\u89c2\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u597d\u5904\u5c31\u662f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5229\u5df1\u6027\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u8bef\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u9020\u6210\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u540e\u679c\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u8bef\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u6bd4\u5229\u5df1\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u6709\u8bef\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u540e\u679c\u8981\u4e25\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u707e\u96be\u6027\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t(3)\u7ed9\u51fa\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u4eba\u4eec\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u91c7\u53d6\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u56e0\u5e94\u5bf9\u7b56\u6216\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5185\u751f\u7684\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u5177\u4f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7\u6216\u5355\u4f4d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u66f4\u5e94\u662f\u5185\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6839\u636e\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u786e\u5b9a\u4e00\u79cd\u6e38\u620f\u89c4\u5219\u3002\u5f53\u5e02\u573a\u5931\u7075\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u89c4\u5236\uff0c\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6fc0\u52b1\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u5efa\u8bae\u4e00\u65e6\u88ab\u653f\u5e9c\u91c7\u7528\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\u5c31\u53d8\u6210\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u5f00\u653e30\u591a\u5e74\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u8fd9\u4e48\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u5404\u79cd\u5404\u6837\u7b26\u5408\u5f53\u65f6\u73b0\u5b9e\u73af\u5883\u7684\u8fc7\u6e21\u6027\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002“\u6478\u7740\u77f3\u5934\u8fc7\u6cb3”\uff0c\u6240\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u6539\u9769\u63aa\u65bd\u9002\u5e94\u4e86\u5f53\u65f6\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u77ed\u671f\u5185\u90fd\u5c06\u5236\u5ea6\u73af\u5883\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff0c\u957f\u671f\u9010\u6e10\u5185\u751f\u5316\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4“\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u91cc\u9762\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u4e0d\u540c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u89c2\u5ff5”\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u79d1\u5b66\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u89c2\u70b9\u503c\u5f97\u5546\u69b7\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5bf9\u8c61\u3001\u65f6\u95f4\u3001\u5730\u70b9\u53ca\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u5e94\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u5f53\u7136\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u73af\u5883\uff0c\u624d\u9700\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u524d\u63d0\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u73af\u5883\u53d8\u4e86\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u7ed3\u8bba\u81ea\u7136\u5c31\u8981\u76f8\u5e94\u5730\u53d1\u751f\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u5426\u5219\u5c31\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u56e0\u65f6\u3001\u56e0\u5730\u5236\u5b9c\uff0c\u5177\u4f53\u60c5\u51b5\u5177\u4f53\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u3001\u653f\u6cbb\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u73af\u5883\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4f46\u51b3\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u7684“\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66”\u3002\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u56fd\u60c5\u4e0d\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5343\u5343\u4e07\u4e07\u7684\u697c\u623f\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u7531\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u4e5f\u90fd\u4e0d\u5c3d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5efa\u7b51\u5b66\u5417\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\uff0c\u4fee\u5efa\u697c\u623f\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u57fa\u672c\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5bf9\u7814\u7a76\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u540c\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406\u3002\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd8\u662f\u56fd\u5916\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u90fd\u91c7\u7528\u57fa\u672c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u6240\u8c13\u7684“\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66”\u548c“\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66”\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t(4)\u9009\u62e9\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u53ca\u5176\u5b83\u5fc5\u987b\u9075\u5b88\u7684\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5c06\u4f1a\u6839\u636e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f5c\u51fa\u6fc0\u52b1\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u7ed3\u679c\u4e2d\u901a\u8fc7\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u6765\u9009\u5b9a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u79f0\u4e4b\u4e3a\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u5747\u8861\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u5b83\u8868\u793a\u5728\u6709\u591a\u79cd\u53ef\u4f9b\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9009\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6700\u7ec8\u9009\u5b9a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u5bf9\u5229\u5df1\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u9009\u62e9\u4e00\u4e2a\u81ea\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u6700\u6709\u5229\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u5bf9\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u4eba\u6765\u8bf4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u9009\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t(5)\u8fdb\u884c\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\u5f53\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u5bf9\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\uff0c\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u7684“\u6700\u4f18”\u72b6\u6001\u7ed3\u679c(\u5982\uff0c\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u8d44\u6e90\u5e73\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u3001\u6fc0\u52b1\u76f8\u5bb9\u3001\u4fe1\u606f\u6709\u6548\u7b49)\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u7ed9\u51fa\u8bc4\u4ef7\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4f18\u52a3\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad——\u5224\u65ad\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u5426\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u67d0\u4e9b“\u6700\u4f18”\u7ed3\u679c\uff1b\u8fd8\u8981\u68c0\u9a8c\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u5426\u4e0e\u7ecf\u9a8c\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u80fd\u5426\u7ed9\u51fa\u6b63\u786e\u9884\u6d4b\uff0c\u6216\u5177\u6709\u73b0\u5b9e\u6307\u5bfc\u610f\u4e49\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u628a\u4e8b\u60c5\u505a\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\uff0c\u5728\u505a\u5b8c\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u8bc4\u4f30\u8fd9\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u6210\u6548\u5230\u5e95\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u503c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u7ee7\u7eed\u505a\uff0c\u6709\u6ca1\u6709\u53ef\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5de5\u4f5c\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u6743\u8861\u53d6\u820d\u540e\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5747\u8861\u7ed3\u679c\u8fdb\u884c\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u548c\u4f5c\u51fa\u8bc4\u4f30\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u5230\u5e95\u54ea\u4e9b\u5236\u5ea6\u6700\u9002\u5408\u672c\u56fd\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5728\u8bc4\u4f30\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u5236\u6216\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u65f6\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bc4\u4f30\u6807\u5fd7\u5c31\u662f\u770b\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u662f\u5426\u7b26\u5408\u6548\u7387\u539f\u5219\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6240\u7528\u7684\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u6700\u4f18(\u6709\u6548) \u610f\u5473\u7740\uff1a\u5728\u73b0\u6709\u8d44\u6e90\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u4f59\u5730\uff0c\u5373\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u4e0d\u8ba9\u4efb\u4f55\u53c2\u4e0e\u4eba\u53d7\u635f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u8ba9\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u4eba\u7684\u798f\u5229\u6709\u6240\u6539\u8fdb\u7684\u8d44\u6e90\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6848\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u6700\u4f18\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u79cd\u4ef7\u503c\u5224\u65ad\u662f\u5e73\u7b49\u6216\u516c\u5e73\u3002\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u662f\u8fbe\u5230\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u8d2b\u5bcc\u5dee\u8ddd\u5927\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u516c\u6b63\u5b9a\u7406\u544a\u8bc9\u544a\u8bc9\u6211\u4eec\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6bcf\u4eba\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7980\u8d4b\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u5728\u901a\u5e38\u5e02\u573a\u5747\u8861\u5b58\u5728\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u7ade\u4e89\u673a\u5236\u5c06\u53ef\u540c\u65f6\u5bfc\u81f4\u5e15\u7d2f\u6258\u6709\u6548\u548c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u6240\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u5e73\u7b49\u914d\u7f6e\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u516c\u5e73\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u8d77\u70b9(\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u7ed9\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56fd\u6c11\u540c\u7b49\u57fa\u7840\u6559\u80b2\u5c3d\u53ef\u80fd\u8fbe\u5230\u8fd9\u79cd\u8d77\u70b9\u5e73\u7b49) \uff0c\u7136\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u5e02\u573a\u8fd0\u4f5c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fbe\u5230\u65e2\u6709\u6548\u800c\u53c8\u76f8\u5bf9\u5e73\u7b49\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9a\u7406\u6df1\u523b\u63ed\u793a\u4e86\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u4e0d\u8bb2\u7a76\u6548\u7387\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u4e3b\u4e49\u4e4b\u7c7b\u7684\u5927\u9505\u996d\u6bd4\u90a3\u4e9b\u7ade\u4e89\u4e0b\u4ea7\u751f\u6548\u7387\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u5dee\u522b\u548c\u6536\u5165\u4e0d\u5e73\u5747\u95ee\u9898\u8981\u4e25\u91cd\u5f97\u591a\u3002\u524d\u8005\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u521b\u9020\u4ef7\u503c\u66f4\u5927\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u5f97\u5374\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u4eba\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\uff0c\u66f4\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u632b\u4f24\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u6027\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u8fd9\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u4e0d\u613f\u610f\u4ed8\u51fa\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5f71\u54cd\u5230\u6574\u4e2a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6548\u7387\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u6574\u4f53\u548c\u7edd\u5bf9\u7684\u8d2b\u7a77\u3002\u5982\u4ee5\u4e0a\u516c\u6b63\u5b9a\u7406\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u540e\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u653f\u5e9c\u7a0e\u6536\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u798f\u5229\uff0c\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u76f8\u7ed3\u5408\u6765\u540c\u65f6\u89e3\u51b3\u6548\u7387\u548c\u516c\u5e73\u95ee\u9898\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u516d\u3001\u516d\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4ee5\u4e0a\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u5f52\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\uff0c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\uff0c\u4e09\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u3002\u5bf9\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u601d\u60f3\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u4e86\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e5f\u5bf9\u5176\u4ed6\u793e\u4f1a\u5b66\u79d1\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4ece\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5927\u6709\u5e2e\u52a9\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u5927\u81f4\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0b\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u6240\u91c7\u7528\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u603b\u7ed3\u4e3a\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u3001\uff082\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\uff083\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\uff084\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\uff085\uff09\u6784\u5efa\u4e25\u8c28\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\uff086\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u65ad\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff081\uff09\u786e\u5b9a\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\uff1a\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\uff08benchmark\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u66f4\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u9700\u8981\u5148\u7ed9\u51fa\u7406\u60f3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u4e0b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u65e2\u6709\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u662f\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u548c\u6240\u8981\u53d1\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u800c\u8a00\u7684\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\uff08\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5b83\u975e\u5e38\u4e0d\u73b0\u5b9e\uff09\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u4fe1\u606f\u7814\u7a76\u900f\u4e86\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5c06\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u7814\u7a76\u5f04\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u5199\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u6280\u5de7\u5c31\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\uff0c\u5148\u8003\u8651\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u8003\u8651\u73b0\u5b9e\u60c5\u51b5\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5148\u5b66\u4e60\u597d\u522b\u4eba\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u624d\u80fd\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\u3002\u6709\u751f\u547d\u529b\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b66\u4e00\u6837\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u679c\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u3002\u6b63\u56e0\u4e3a\u6709\u4e86\u725b\u987f\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u6709\u4e86\u7231\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u76f8\u5bf9\u8bba\uff0c\u624d\u4f1a\u6709\u4e86\u6768\u632f\u5b81\u3001\u674e\u653f\u9053\u7684\u5b87\u79f0\u4e0d\u5b88\u6052\u7406\u8bba\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff082\uff09\u5efa\u7acb\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff1a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u6307\u7684\u662f\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5b83\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5982\u8d44\u6e90\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\u7b49\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u5bf9\u4efb\u4f55\u5b66\u79d1\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u548c\u53d1\u5c55\u90fd\u6781\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u5047\u5b9a\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0d\u7b26\uff0c\u5b83\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u7b80\u5316\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6293\u4f4f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7279\u5f81\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u8bc4\u4f30\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6807\u5c3a\uff1b\u4e09\u662f\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u5728\u6b64\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u521b\u65b0\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7ecf\u5e38\u542c\u5230\u6709\u4eba\u6279\u8bc4\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u548c\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0e\u73b0\u5b9e\u76f8\u5dee\u592a\u8fdc\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5426\u5b9a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6ca1\u6709\u5f04\u6e05\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5efa\u7acb\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u8fd9\u8ddf\u5728\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6811\u7acb\u699c\u6837\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u9053\u7406\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5e76\u4e0d\u5728\u4e8e\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u5426\u51c6\u786e\u65e0\u8bef\u5730\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e86\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u4e8e\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u8ba9\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u5b9e\u7684\u6807\u5c3a\uff0c\u5b83\u50cf\u4e00\u9762\u955c\u5b50\uff0c\u8ba9\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\u6216\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u8ddd\u79bb\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u5c31\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u8fd9\u6837\u4e00\u79cd\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u77e5\u9053\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5b9e\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u8fd9\u79cd\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u671d\u7740\u8fd9\u65b9\u9762\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u6548\u7387\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e5f\u624d\u6709\u4e86\u53cd\u5784\u65ad\u6cd5\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5c06\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u6240\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u4e2d\u5047\u8bbe\u4e0d\u6210\u7acb(\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\uff0c\u4e0d\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5916\u90e8\u6027)\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u8bb8\u66f4\u5408\u4e4e\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392(\u6bd4\u5982\u5177\u6709\u5784\u65ad\u6027\u8d28\u6216\u8f6c\u578b\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392)\uff0c\u80fd\u5f97\u51fa\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u4e0b\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u8fdb\u884c\u6bd4\u8f83\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd9\u5c31\u50cf\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u4e48\u806a\u660e\uff0c\u5047\u5982\u6ca1\u6709\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u65b9\u5411\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u628a\u5200\u65e0\u8bba\u600e\u6837\u950b\u5229\uff0c\u5982\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u780d\u7684\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u53d1\u6325\u4f5c\u7528\u4e00\u6837\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u4e00\u4e8b\u65e0\u6210\u3002\u96f7\u950b\u5c31\u662f\u505a\u4eba\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6837\u677f\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u73b0\u5b9e\u5f53\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u96f7\u950b\uff0c\u4f46\u5b66\u96f7\u950b\u4ecd\u7136\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u5021\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u80fd\u505a\u52301%\uff0c\u4e5f\u6bd4\u4ec0\u4e48\u90fd\u4e0d\u505a\u5f3a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u505a\u4eba\u8981\u6709\u8fdc\u5927\u7684\u7406\u60f3\uff0c\u5b83\u8ba9\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u52aa\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u548c\u594b\u6597\u7684\u76ee\u6807\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e5f\u8fbe\u4e0d\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u6fc0\u52b1\u4f60\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u63a5\u8fd1\u7406\u60f3\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff083\uff09\u53d1\u5c55\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\uff1a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u6216\u65b9\u6cd5\u7ec4\u6210\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b9\u4fbf\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u7c7b\u4f3c\u4e8e\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5373\u5148\u5c06\u95ee\u9898\u7b80\u5316\uff0c\u518d\u6293\u4f4f\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5f53\u6709\u4f17\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f62\u6210\u67d0\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5f04\u6e05\u6bcf\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u8fd9\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5047\u5b9a\u5176\u5b83\u56e0\u7d20\u4e0d\u53d8\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5176\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e2a\u56e0\u7d20\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u6765\u505a\u5230\u3002\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u800c\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7406\u8bba——\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5382\u5546\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u6216\u5960\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u6240\u6709\u7684\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u90fd\u662f\u4ece\u8ba8\u8bba\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5382\u5546\u7406\u8bba\u5165\u624b\u7684\u3002\u5b83\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e2a\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u548c\u5382\u5546\u5982\u4f55\u4f5c\u51fa\u9009\u62e9\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e3a\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u5730\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u7814\u7a76\u6e05\u695a\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5148\u6392\u9664\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u9009\u62e9\u5bf9\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u8003\u8651\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\uff0c\u5047\u5b9a\u4ef7\u683c\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53c2\u6570\u7ed9\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u4e3b\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u8ffd\u6c42\u6548\u7528\u6216\u5229\u6da6\u6700\u5927\uff09\u548c\u5ba2\u89c2\u56e0\u7d20\uff08\u5982\u9884\u7b97\u7ebf\u6216\u751f\u4ea7\u7ea6\u675f\uff09\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5382\u5546\u7406\u8bba\u4e4b\u4e0a\uff0c\u5c5e\u4e8e\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8bf4\u6d88\u8d39\u8005\u7406\u8bba\u548c\u5382\u5546\u7406\u8bba\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u4e2a\u4eba\u9009\u62e9\u95ee\u9898\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u5747\u8861\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u6240\u6709\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u4e92\u52a8\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u8fbe\u5230\u5e02\u573a\u5747\u8861\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8fd130\u5e74\u53d1\u5c55\u8d77\u6765\u7684\u673a\u5236\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7406\u8bba\u5219\u53c8\u662f\u66f4\u9ad8\u4e00\u5c42\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3a\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u8bbe\u8ba1\u3001\u6bd4\u8f83\u5404\u79cd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u673a\u5236(\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u516c\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u79c1\u6709\u5236\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u6df7\u5408\u6240\u6709\u5236)\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u8bc1\u660e\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u5e02\u573a\u673a\u5236\u5728\u914d\u7f6e\u8d44\u6e90\u548c\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6700\u4f18\u6027\u53ca\u552f\u4e00\u6027\u3002\u5b8c\u5168\u7ade\u4e89\u7684\u5e02\u573a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u8d44\u6e90\u7684\u6709\u6548\u914d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4ece\u5229\u7528\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf(\u673a\u5236\u8fd0\u884c\u6210\u672c\u3001\u4ea4\u6613\u6210\u672c)\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u770b\uff0c\u5b83\u5229\u7528\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u91cf\u6700\u5c0f\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5b83\u662f\u4fe1\u606f\u5229\u7528\u6700\u6709\u6548\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u4e5f\u4e3a\u8bc4\u4f30\u5404\u7c7b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u63d0\u4f9b\u5404\u79cd\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u521b\u9020\u4e86\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e3a\u8861\u91cf\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e0e\u7406\u60f3\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u5236\u5b9a\u4e86\u6807\u5c3a\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff084\uff09\u63d0\u4f9b\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177:\u5bf9\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5149\u6709\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u3001\u57fa\u51c6\u70b9\u3001\u53c2\u7167\u7cfb\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u5e73\u53f0\u8fd8\u4e0d\u591f\uff0c\u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u6709\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u5f3a\u6709\u529b\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u591f\u6df1\u5165\u5206\u6790\u7eb7\u7e41\u9519\u7efc\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\u548c\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\uff0c\u9700\u6c42\u4f9b\u7ed9\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u535a\u5f08\u8bba\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0d\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u59d4\u6258-\u4ee3\u7406\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u52a8\u6001\u6700\u4f18\u7406\u8bba\u7b49\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff085\uff09\u6784\u5efa\u4e25\u8c28\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u5728\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u6216\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5e76\u7ed9\u51fa\u7ed3\u8bba\u6216\u4f5c\u51fa\u7ecf\u6d4e\u63a8\u65ad\u65f6\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u8981\u6c42\u5177\u6709\u903b\u8f91\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u5206\u6790\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u6210\u7acb\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u5b9a\u6761\u4ef6\u7684\uff0c\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e0d\u4ec5\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u6027\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u754c\u5b9a\u5404\u79cd\u7406\u8bba\u7ed3\u679c\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u7406\u8bba\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u6cdb\u7528\u6216\u4e71\u7528\u3002\u4e3a\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u9700\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u4e25\u8c28\u7684\u5206\u6790\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5c06\u5176\u7406\u8bba\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6761\u4ef6\u754c\u5b9a\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u5b66\u77e5\u8bc6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f88\u96be\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u5185\u6db5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u65e0\u6cd5\u5bf9\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u8fdb\u884c\u8ba8\u8bba\uff0c\u66f4\u7ed9\u4e0d\u51fa\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u65f6\u6240\u9700\u8981\u7684\u8fb9\u754c\u6761\u4ef6\u6216\u7ea6\u675f\u6761\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u4ee5\u6570\u5b66\u548c\u6570\u7406\u7edf\u8ba1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5206\u6790\u5de5\u5177\u5c31\u6beb\u4e0d\u5947\u602a\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u4eec\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\uff086\uff09\u8fdb\u884c\u7406\u8bba\u63a8\u65ad\uff1a\u5173\u4e8e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u91ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u7b14\u8005\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8bf4\u5bf9\u4e86\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u7528\u6765\u89e3\u91ca\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73b0\u8c61\u548c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e3b\u8981\u8ba8\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u7684\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u89c4\u907f\u8bb8\u591a\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u548c\u9879\u76ee\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ed3\u8bba\u5728\u7406\u8bba\u4e0a\u4e0d\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u5047\u8bbe\u6761\u4ef6\u7b26\u5408\u73b0\u5b9e\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\u5728\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u4e5f\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u7acb\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u901a\u8fc7\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u5bf9\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u73af\u5883\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ca\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u4e0b\u6240\u53ef\u80fd\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u4f5c\u51fa\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u5e76\u6307\u5bfc\u89e3\u51b3\u73b0\u5b9e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u641e\u6e05\u695a\u95ee\u9898\u548c\u6210\u56e0\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u6839\u636e\u5185\u5728\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u6027\u5f97\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u7684\u7ed3\u8bba\uff0c\u5e76\u636e\u6b64\u4f5c\u51fa\u79d1\u5b66\u3001\u6b63\u786e\u7684\u9884\u6d4b\u548c\u63a8\u65ad\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u9700\u8981\u7528\u5b9e\u9a8c\u5c31\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u6700\u7ec8\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e03\u3001\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u8981\u51c6\u786e\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u6b63\u786e\u8fd0\u7528\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u638c\u63e1\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u5185\u5728\u903b\u8f91\u6027\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u5bf9\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u3002\u672c\u6587\u603b\u7ed3\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u4e00\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u5047\u8bbe\u3001\u4e24\u4e2a\u6ce8\u610f\u4e8b\u9879\u3001\u4e09\u4e2a\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\u3001\u56db\u4e2a\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4e94\u4e2a\u5206\u6790\u6b65\u9aa4\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u516d\u4e2a\u7814\u7a76\u6280\u5de7\u7b49\u3002\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u601d\u60f3\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u6709\u5229\u4e8e\u4ece\u4e8b\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u5b66\u4e60\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5bf9\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u66f4\u597d\u5730\u5904\u7406\u65e5\u5e38\u4e8b\u52a1\u3001\u4ece\u4e8b\u884c\u653f\u7ba1\u7406\u4e5f\u662f\u5927\u6709\u88e8\u76ca\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6797\u6bc5\u592b\uff0c2001\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u79d1\u53d1\u5c55\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c4\u671f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6797\u6bc5\u592b\uff0c2007\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\uff1a\u673a\u9047\u548c\u6311\u6218——\u6797\u6bc5\u592b\u6559\u6388\u5728\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u8bb2\u6f14\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u6c47\u62a5\u300b\uff0c2007\u5e744\u67081\u65e5\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u94b1\u9896\u4e00\uff0c2002\uff1a\u300a\u7406\u89e3\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u793e\u4f1a\u4f53\u5236\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7530\u56fd\u5f3a\uff0c2005\uff1a\u300a\u73b0\u4ee3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5206\u6790\u6846\u67b6\u4e0e\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c2\u671f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7530\u56fd\u5f3a\uff0c2007\uff1a\u300a\u548c\u8c10\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u6784\u5efa\u4e0e\u73b0\u4ee3\u5e02\u573a\u4f53\u7cfb\u7684\u5b8c\u5584——\u6548\u7387\u3001\u516c\u5e73\u4e0e\u6cd5\u6cbb\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c3\u671f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7530\u56fd\u5f3a\uff0c2010\uff1a\u300a\u4e2d\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\u4e3b\u4e49\u5e02\u573a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6539\u9769\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5b9e\u8df5\uff1a\u57fa\u4e8e\u4fe1\u606f\u4e0e\u6fc0\u52b1\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u300b\uff0c\u8bb2\u4e49\u7a3f\uff0chttp:\/\/econweb.tamu.edu\/tian\/lecture-notes-china-reform.pdf\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bb8\u6210\u94a2\uff0c2002\uff1a\u300a\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u3001\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u5bb6\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6559\u80b2\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\u7b2c1\u8f91\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u8bb8\u6210\u94a2\uff0c2008\uff1a\u300a\u653f\u6cbb\u96c6\u6743\u4e0b\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u5206\u6743\u4e0e\u4e2d\u56fd\u6539\u9769\u300b\uff0c\u300a\u6bd4\u8f83\u300b\u7b2c36\u8f91\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u6768\u5c0f\u51ef\uff0c2000\uff1a\u300a\u4e13\u4e1a\u5316\u4e0e\u7ecf\u6d4e\u7ec4\u7ec7——\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5174\u53e4\u5178\u5fae\u89c2\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5b66\u6846\u67b6\u300b\uff0c\u7ecf\u6d4e\u79d1\u5b66\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\tHurwicz, L., 1973, “The Design of Mechanisms for Resource Allocation,” American Economic Review 63: 1-30.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tMas-Colell, A., Whinston, M. D. and Green, J. R. , 1995, “Microeconomic Theory,” Oxford University Press.\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSmith, Adam, (1776) 1976, (An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations) The Wealth of Nations, London: W. Strahan and T. Cadell. Reprinted, Oxford: Clarendon Press. \uff08\u4e2d\u8bd1\u672c\uff1a\u4e9a\u5f53·\u65af\u5bc6 \u8457\uff1a\u300a\u56fd\u6c11\u8d22\u5bcc\u7684\u6027\u8d28\u548c\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u90ed\u5927\u529b\u3001\u738b\u4e9a\u5357\u8bd1\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52a1\u5370\u4e66\u99861972 \u5e74\u7248\u3002\uff09\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTian, G., 2006, “Micro Economic Theory,” Lecture Notes\uff0c<\/font>Department of Economics, Texas A&M University. http:\/\/econweb.tamu.edu\/tian\/micro1.pdf<\/font>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tVarian, H.R., 1982, Microeconomic Analysis, W.W. Norton and Company, First Edition.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tEconomic Thoughts and Methodologies\n<\/p>\n

\n\tTian Guoqiang \n<\/p>\n

\n\t(Texas A&M University\uff0c<\/font>Shanghai University of Finance and Economics)<\/font>\n<\/p>\n

\n\tAbstract: In this paper, we discuss some basic thoughts and methodologies of modern economics, which could be summarized as "one behavioral assumption, two precautious points, three institutional arrangements, four basic principles, five analytical steps and six research skills". These thoughts and methodologies play a vital role in the understanding and application of modern economics, particularly in the mastering of internal logical analysis of economic theories. \n<\/p>\n

\n\tKeywords: Economics; Basic thought; Research Methodologies\n<\/p>\n

\n\tJEL classification: B40, B41.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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